Who is referred to as the more knowledgeable other in Vygotsky's framework?

In Vygotsky's framework, the term "more knowledgeable other" refers specifically to an individual who possesses greater understanding or knowledge in a particular area and is able to assist learners in the process of acquiring new skills or knowledge. A teacher or mentor typically embodies this role, as they are often more experienced and trained to guide students. They can provide scaffolding, which involves offering support that is gradually removed as the learner gains independence.

This concept is central to Vygotsky's theory of social constructivism, where learning occurs through social interactions and guided participation. Such individuals can help learners bridge the gap between their current understanding and the new concepts they are trying to master.

In contrast, options such as a peer learning group may provide collaborative learning opportunities, but they do not necessarily guarantee that one individual possesses a higher level of knowledge to support the learning process effectively. A self-directed learner, while capable of learning independently, does not fit the definition of a more knowledgeable other since they are engaging in learning without the guidance of someone more knowledgeable. Lastly, a passive observer does not contribute to the learning process in an active way, thus failing to support or scaffold the learner.

Understanding the role of the more knowledgeable other emphasizes the importance of interaction and