What level of moral reasoning do most children display during early childhood according to Kohlberg's theory?

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, most children in early childhood typically exhibit preconventional reasoning. This level is characterized by a focus on direct consequences to themselves. Children evaluate actions based on how they will be rewarded or punished, rather than understanding societal conventions or moral principles. During this stage, decisions are driven by self-interest and an understanding of right and wrong is closely tied to the outcomes of their actions.

As children progress through stages of moral reasoning, they gradually transition to conventional reasoning, which involves adhering to societal rules and expectations, or even to postconventional reasoning, where they base their moral decisions on abstract reasoning and principles. However, in early childhood, which generally covers the ages of about 2 to 7, the cognitive and moral development primarily revolves around the preconventional stage. This understanding helps educators and caregivers to guide moral development appropriately during these formative years.