What are the stages of Sigmund Freud's theory of human development?

Sigmund Freud's theory of human development is articulated through a series of psychosexual stages, each marked by specific challenges and potential conflicts that individuals must navigate. The stages identified by Freud include:

1. Oral Stage: This stage occurs from birth to about 18 months and focuses on the infant's pleasure centers on the mouth, such as sucking and biting. Successful navigation allows for trust and comfort.

2. Anal Stage: Taking place from approximately 18 months to three years, this stage revolves around toilet training and the child’s ability to control bodily functions. This stage is associated with the development of autonomy and a sense of competence.

3. Phallic Stage: This stage occurs from ages three to six and is linked to the child's discovery of their own genitals and the differences between males and females. It introduces concepts such as the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Successful resolution of this stage fosters a sense of gender identity and sexuality.

4. Latency Stage: From six years to puberty, this stage is characterized by a period of relative calm in terms of sexual development, where children focus on social skills and learning instead of sexual interests. This stage is essential for developing communication skills and