In middle and late childhood, what influences a child's achievement significantly?

Self-regulation and self-efficacy significantly influence a child's achievement during middle and late childhood because these factors relate closely to a child's ability to manage their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in a way that fosters academic success.

Self-regulation refers to a child's capacity to control their impulses, stay focused on tasks, and persist in the face of challenges. This ability directly affects learning processes, as children who can regulate their attention and behavior are typically more engaged and better able to complete assignments and study effectively.

Self-efficacy, the belief in one’s own capabilities to succeed, also plays a crucial role in motivation and resilience. When children believe that they can succeed in their academic efforts, they are more likely to set higher goals, put in more effort, and remain committed to achieving those goals, even when faced with difficulties or failures.

In combination, high levels of self-regulation and self-efficacy lead to better academic outcomes, as children with these traits are typically more effective learners, more likely to seek help when needed, and more persistent in overcoming obstacles to their education.