In Bandura's theory, which aspect influences self-efficacy?

Self-efficacy, as posited by Albert Bandura, is significantly influenced by individual experiences of success and failure. This concept reflects the belief in one’s capabilities to execute the actions required to manage prospective situations. When individuals experience success, it enhances their confidence and belief in their abilities, which fosters a higher sense of self-efficacy. Conversely, experiencing failure can diminish this confidence and lead to a lower self-efficacy.

This dynamic plays a crucial role in learning and motivation. When students observe their progress and accomplishments, they are more likely to tackle challenges with a positive outlook, thus promoting further success. The formative experiences that shape how one perceives their abilities are essential in developing a resilient sense of self-efficacy, affecting motivation, effort, and persistence in tasks.

In contrast, the other aspects, such as peer validation, historical context, or technology use, may contribute to learning environments but do not directly shape the belief in one's own capabilities as powerfully as personal experiences of success and failure do. Thus, the correct choice underlines the individual nature of self-efficacy development rooted in personal achievement and setbacks.